Kev lag luam boiler yeeb nkab xau yog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm, kev siv hluav taws xob, thiab cov nqi tu. Tsis zoo li niaj hnub hnav nyob rau hauv qis - cov tshuab siab, cov dej xau hauv cov kav dej boiler feem ntau qhia tias cov khoom siv sib sib zog nqus, kev ntxhov siab, lossis kev ua haujlwm tsis txaus. Vim tias cov kav dej boiler ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv kev kub siab, siab kub, thiab kev sib tw thermal txuas ntxiv, txawm tias me me tuaj yeem nce nrawm rau hauv kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Kev nkag siab txog cov hauv paus hauv paus thiab kev siv cov phiaj xwm kev daws teeb meem yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm kev ntseeg tau.
Mechanical thiab Thermal Stress Factors
Thermal Fatigue thiab Expansion Stress
Cov kav dej boiler nthuav dav thiab cog lus ntau zaus thaum pib, kaw, thiab thauj khoom sib txawv. Yog hais tias qhov kev nthuav dav tsis txaus los yog kev txhawb nqa tsis tsim nyog, kev ntxhov siab ntau dhau ntawm qhov khoov, cov pob qij txha, thiab cov anchors ruaj khov. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, cyclic kev nyuaj siab ua rau microcracks uas propagate nyob rau hauv siab, nws thiaj li ua rau to. Thermal qaug zog yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv superheater thiab reheater seem uas kub gradients tseem ceeb.
Qhov kev daws teeb meem yog nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov kav dej kom zoo uas suav nrog kev nthuav dav, kev txhawb nqa zawv zawg, thiab kev ntsuam xyuas kev ntxhov siab thaum lub sij hawm engineering. Kev ua qauv zoo kawg nkaus tuaj yeem kwv yees cov cheeb tsam kev ntxhov siab, tso cai rau kev txhawb nqa ua ntej commissioning. Cov tswv yim tswj kev ua haujlwm uas txo cov kub hloov pauv sai kuj tseem txo qis kev qaug zog.
Overpressure thiab Hydraulic Shock
Kev kub siab tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub valve, kaw lub valve ceev, lossis dej rauj cov xwm txheej tuaj yeem dhau qhov kev txwv tsim. Cov khoom thauj mus los no tsim cov yas deformation hauv zos lossis rupture ntawm cov seem tsis muaj zog ntawm cov yeeb nkab. Weld seams thiab nyias - cov phab ntsa yog qhov yooj yim heev.
Cov kev tiv thaiv muaj xws li kev txhim kho cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob txhim khu kev qha, tswj cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob, thiab ua kom lub zog ua kom nrawm dua. Kev saib xyuas lub siab tsis tu ncua tuaj yeem kuaj pom qhov hloov pauv txawv txav thiab ua rau cov txheej txheem kaw tsis siv neeg.
Corrosion-Txog Ua rau
Sab hauv Corrosion
Internal corrosion yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau ua rau boiler yeeb nkab to. Dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, thiab dej tsis zoo chemistry tuaj yeem ua kom cov tshuaj electrochemical hauv cov yeeb nkab sab hauv. Oxygen pitting tsim cov kab noj hniav hauv zos uas nkag mus rau phab ntsa tuab. Hauv qhov siab - qhov kub thiab txias, corrosion kuj tuaj yeem ua ke nrog kev puas tsuaj, ua rau cov khoom tsis muaj zog ntxiv.
Kev kho dej kom zoo yog thawj qhov kev daws teeb meem. Deaeration tshem tawm cov pa oxygen, thaum tshuaj siv tshuaj tswj pH thiab alkalinity. Cov txheej txheem tshuab tshuab tsis tu ncua tshem tawm cov impurities sau. Periodic ultrasonic thickness kuaj pab xyuas cov phab ntsa thinning ua ntej xau tshwm sim.
Sab nrauv Corrosion thiab rwb thaiv tsev puas
Sab nrauv corrosion feem ntau tshwm sim hauv qab rwb thaiv tsev qhov chaw noo noo nkag mus. Qhov tshwm sim no, hu ua corrosion nyob rau hauv rwb thaiv tsev (CUI), maj mam txo cov phab ntsa tuab yam tsis pom cov cim sab nraud. Hauv kev teeb tsa sab nraum zoov, huab cua hloov pauv ua rau qhov teeb meem loj dua.
Cov kev tshuaj xyuas niaj hnub uas suav nrog kev tshem tawm rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog qhov tseem ceeb. Siv cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv thiab ua kom muaj kev tsim cov kua dej kom zoo txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm CUI.
Cov lus hauv qab no piav qhia txog cov laj thawj uas tshwm sim thiab lawv cov txheej txheem hauv qab no.
| Ua rau qeb | Mechanism tshwj xeeb | Kev cuam tshuam rau yeeb nkab kev ncaj ncees |
|---|---|---|
| Thermal Stress | Cyclic expansion thiab contraction | Cracking pib thiab propagation |
| Tshaj siab | Dej rauj, valve malfunction | Sudden rupture los yog seam tsis ua hauj lwm |
| Sab hauv Corrosion | Oxygen pitting, acidic nres | Phab ntsa thinning thiab perforation |
| Sab nrauv Corrosion | Moisture dai nyob rau hauv rwb thaiv tsev | Maj mam cov qauv tsis muaj zog |
| Khoom Defect | Inclusions los yog weld flaws | Kev xau ntxov ntxov ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj zog |
Khoom thiab Manufacturing Factors
Weld Defects thiab Fabrication yuam kev
Cov txheej txheem vuam tsis raug tuaj yeem qhia qhov tsis xws li tsis muaj fusion, porosity, lossis slag suav nrog. Nyob rau hauv siab - kev pabcuam siab, cov kev tsis zoo no ua raws li cov neeg txhawb nqa kev ntxhov siab. Txawm tias me me imperfections tuaj yeem nthuav dav nyob rau hauv thermal cycling thiab ua rau to.
Kev ua raws li cov txheej txheem vuam tsim nyog thiab tsis yog -kev kuaj kev puas tsuaj xws li kev kuaj hluav taws xob lossis ultrasonic yog qhov tseem ceeb. Tom qab-weld kev kho cua sov yuav tsum tau siv los txo cov kev ntxhov siab uas seem thiab kho cov khoom siv kho tshuab.
Kev xaiv cov khoom thiab Creep puas
Kev siv cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis raug ntsuas rau qhov ntsuas kub ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua rau nrawm nrawm deformation. Creep yog lub sijhawm- nyob ntawm cov yas deformation nyob rau hauv qhov kev ntxhov siab tas li ntawm qhov kub siab. Nyob rau lub sij hawm ntev kev pab cuam, creep voids tsim ntawm grain ciam teb, nws thiaj li txuas mus rau hauv cov kab nrib pleb uas ua rau to.
Xaiv qhov tsim nyog cov khoom sib xyaw nrog cov creep rupture muaj zog txaus yog qhov tseem ceeb. Rau siab -kev pabcuam kub, chromium-molybdenum alloy steels feem ntau tau teev tseg. Cov kev saib xyuas lub neej uas ntsuas kev nkag siab thiab lub neej tseem tshuav pab tiv thaiv kev ua tsis tiav.
Kev daws teeb meem kev ua haujlwm thiab kev saib xyuas
Kev tiv thaiv cov dej xau yuav tsum muaj kev sib koom ua ke nrog kev tsim qauv, xaiv cov khoom siv, kev saib xyuas, thiab kev saib xyuas. Cov kev daws teeb meem hauv qab no qhia txog kev coj ua engineering uas txhim kho lub sijhawm ntev - kev ntseeg siab.
| Kev daws teeb meem | Txoj Kev Kawm Txuj Ci | Cov txiaj ntsig xav tau |
|---|---|---|
| Dej Chemistry Control | Deaeration, pH tswj, tshuaj noj tshuaj | Txo sab hauv corrosion |
| Kev Tswj Kev Nyuaj Siab | Expansion loops, hloov tau kev txhawb nqa | Tsawg thermal qaug zog puas tsuaj |
| Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb | Ultrasonic kuaj, thickness xyuas | Kev kuaj pom thaum ntxov |
| Cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv | Anti-kev kho qhov chaw corrosion | Minimized sab nraud corrosion |
| Khoom siv kho dua tshiab | High- alloy steel rau siab - qhov kub thiab txias | Txhim kho creep kuj |
Predictive txij nkawm plays lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv niaj hnub boiler systems. Digital sensors tuaj yeem taug qab qhov kub, siab, thiab kev co hauv lub sijhawm. Cov qauv ntsuas cov ntaub ntawv txheeb xyuas qhov txawv txav uas ua ntej xau. Qhov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv no txo cov sijhawm poob qis thiab txuas ntxiv cov yeeb nkab kev pab cuam lub neej.
Kev Pabcuam Thaum Muaj Xwm Ceev thiab Kev Txiav Txim Siab
Thaum kuaj pom cov dej xau, yuav tsum tau ua tam sim ntawd. Cov kev daws teeb meem clamping ib ntus tuaj yeem tswj tau me me hauv qhov qis- ntu siab, tab sis kev kho kom ruaj khov feem ntau yuav tsum tau hloov cov yeeb nkab lossis ntu vuam. Ua ntej kho, cov hauv paus ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam kom tsis txhob rov tshwm sim.
Hauv siab - cov tshuab siab, cov txheej txheem kaw yuav tsum ua raws li cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb nruj. Depressurization thiab tswj kom txias kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab ntxiv thaum lub sijhawm kho. Tom qab kev saib xyuas, kev kuaj hydrostatic txheeb xyuas cov qauv kev ncaj ncees ua ntej xa rov qab rau qhov kev pabcuam.
Xaus
Kev lag luam boiler yeeb nkab los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab kev nyuaj siab, txheej txheem corrosion, cov khoom txwv, thiab kev ua haujlwm. Thermal qaug zog, overpressure txheej xwm, thiab sab hauv corrosion yog cov feem ntau ua rau. Cov kev daws teeb meem zoo sib xyaw ua ke tsim engineering tsim nyog, xaiv cov khoom siv nruj, kev tswj xyuas dej, thiab cov txheej txheem tshuaj xyuas qib siab. Los ntawm kev hais txog ob qho tib si hauv paus kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm, cov neeg ua haujlwm cog qoob loo tuaj yeem txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim, txhim kho kev nyab xeeb kev ua haujlwm, thiab txhim kho tag nrho kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov tshuab boiler.
