Cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab cov kev xav tau ua tau zoo tsim lub hauv paus txheej txheem rau kev ntsuas cov kav hlau siv hauv cov qauv, siab, thiab cov kav dej. Thaum cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg txhais cov khoom muaj peev xwm, nws yog kev ua haujlwm zoo uas thaum kawg txiav txim siab seb cov yeeb nkab puas tuaj yeem tiv taus lub siab sab hauv, sab nraud loads, thiab ntev - lub sijhawm kev pabcuam. Cov kev qhia tseem ceeb xws li lub zog tensile, lub zog tawm los, elongation, kuaj hydrostatic, thiab kev ntsuam xyuas tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj yog siv thoob ntiaj teb los txheeb xyuas kev ua raws li cov qauv engineering.
Cov ntsuas no tsis yog cais cov kev txwv. Hloov chaw, lawv ua haujlwm ua ke los txheeb xyuas cov qauv kev ntseeg tau, tus cwj pwm deformation, thiab cov npoo kev nyab xeeb raws li kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag. Kev nkag siab txog lawv cov kev sib cuam tshuam yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov engineers, inspectors, thiab procurement professionals.
Tensile Strength thiab Yield Strength
Tensile zog
Lub zog tensile, feem ntau hu ua lub zog tensile kawg, sawv cev rau qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv tuaj yeem tiv taus ua ntej tawg thaum lub sij hawm ntsuas tensile. Nws qhia txog cov khoom tiv thaiv kev tawg hauv axial loading. Hauv kev siv cov yeeb nkab, lub zog tensile yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv kev tawg thaum lub siab sab hauv tsim cov kev ntxhov siab (hoop).
Lub zog tensile siab dua feem ntau tso cai rau cov kav dej ua haujlwm ntawm qhov siab dua lossis nrog txo phab ntsa tuab. Txawm li cas los xij, lub zog tensile ntau dhau yam tsis muaj qhov ductility txaus yuav ua rau kom brittleness, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev nyab xeeb hauv kev cuam tshuam lossis kev thauj khoom dynamic.
Yield zog
Lub zog tawm los txhais cov kev ntxhov siab uas cov khoom pib deform plastically. Hauv qab ntawm qhov taw tes tawm, deformation yog elastic thiab thim rov qab. Dhau li ntawm nws, mus tas li deformation tshwm sim. Rau cov kav dej siab, lub zog tawm los yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb vim nws txiav txim siab qhov siab tshaj plaws kev ua haujlwm siab.
Cov lej tsim qauv feem ntau siv lub zog tawm los ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev suav nrog kev ntxhov siab. Piv txwv li, cov qauv kav dej feem ntau hais tias kev khiav hauj lwm kev ntxhov siab yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj ib feem pua ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tsawg kawg nkaus kom muaj kev nyab xeeb.
Cov lus hauv qab no qhia txog cov kev siv zog ntau rau cov pa roj carbon steel kav siv hauv cov qauv thiab cov kav dej.
| Qib Steel Qib | Yam tsawg kawg nkaus tawm lub zog (MPa) | Yam tsawg kawg Tensile Strength (MPa) | Daim ntawv thov |
|---|---|---|---|
| General Structure | 235–275 | 370–450 | Cov qauv tsim |
| Standard Kab Yeeb | 245–360 | 415–460 | Roj & roj pipelines |
| Siab -Strength Line Pipe | 415–485 | 520–570 | Ntev - kis tau tus mob |
| Siab Piping Steel | 240–355 | 415–510 | Cov txheej txheem kev lag luam |
Qhov kev sib piv no qhia tau hais tias yuav ua li cas nce yield zog ua rau siv nyob rau hauv siab dua -siab los yog load-cov ntaub ntawv bearing.
Elongation thiab Ductility Requirements
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Elongation
Elongation ntsuas qhov feem pua nce hauv qhov ntev ntawm cov qauv kev paub ua ntej tawg thaum kuaj tensile. Nws qhia txog ductility, los yog lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv los deform plastically yam tsis muaj cracking.
Hauv cov kav dej, qhov elongation txaus yog qhov tseem ceeb los nqus cov kev ntxhov siab, ua kom haum rau thermal expansion, thiab tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam tam sim ntawd. Cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis txaus elongation tuaj yeem ua tsis tau sai yam tsis muaj kev ceeb toom.
Cov qauv feem ntau qhia txog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus elongation qhov tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias cov kav dej muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm lub zog thiab qhov yooj yim. Raws li lub zog nce, elongation qhov tseem ceeb yuav txo qis me ntsis, tab sis yuav tsum nyob twj ywm siab dua qhov kev nyab xeeb tseem ceeb.
Sib npaug ntawm lub zog thiab kev ua haujlwm
Kev tsim qauv engineering xav kom muaj kev sib npaug. Cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau tuaj yeem txhawb nqa lub zog tab sis txo qis elongation. Alloying thiab tswj dov txheej txheem yog siv los txhim kho lub zog thaum tswj cov qib ductility.
Kev Ntsuas Hydrostatic
Lub hom phiaj ntawm Kev Ntsuas Hydrostatic
Kev ntsuam xyuas hydrostatic yog ib txoj hauv kev tshawb xyuas lub siab siv los paub meej tias cov yeeb nkab ncaj ncees. Thaum lub sij hawm sim, cov yeeb nkab yog ntim nrog dej thiab siab tshaj nws qhov kev ua haujlwm siab. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas kom ntseeg tau tias cov yeeb nkab tuaj yeem tiv taus lub siab sab hauv yam tsis muaj qhov to lossis cov qauv tsis ua haujlwm.
Dej yog siv vim nws yog incompressible thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb tshaj li compressed gas thaum kuaj. Yog tias tsis ua haujlwm, lub zog tso tawm qis dua piv rau kev sim pneumatic.
Qib Siab thiab Kev Txais Txais
Kev ntsuas siab feem ntau yog xam raws li cov yeeb nkab txoj kab uas hla, phab ntsa thickness, thiab tau teev tsawg kawg nkaus yield zog. Lub siab yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau lub sijhawm teev tseg, thaum lub sijhawm tsis tso cai los yog pom qhov deformation.
Cov lus hauv qab no qhia txog cov kev txheeb xyuas qhov ua tau zoo thiab lawv lub hom phiaj.
| Performance Indicator | Txoj Kev Xeem | Lub hom phiaj | Kev Pabcuam Kev Nyab Xeeb |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tensile zog | Tensile xeem | Txheeb xyuas qhov siab tshaj plaws load peev | Tiv thaiv kev tawg |
| Yield zog | Tensile xeem | Paub meej tias elastic txwv | Tswj kom muaj kev ntxhov siab |
| Elongation | Tensile xeem | Ntsuas ductility | Txo txoj kev pheej hmoo ua tsis tiav |
| Hydrostatic Test | Internal dej siab | Tshawb xyuas cov dej xau & tsis muaj zog | Xyuas kom ruaj khov |
| Kev kuaj tsis raug | UAS, RT, MPI | Tshawb xyuas cov teeb meem sab hauv / deg | Tiv thaiv kev ua tsis tiav |
Kev ntsuam xyuas hydrostatic muab kev lees paub ncaj qha ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab ua ntej cov kav dej nkag mus rau kev pabcuam.
Kev Xeem Tsis Muaj Kev Ua Phem (NDT)
Ultrasonic thiab Radiographic Test
Txoj kev kuaj tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj yog siv los txheeb xyuas qhov teeb meem sab hauv thiab sab hauv yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov yeeb nkab. Ultrasonic kuaj kuaj pom muaj qhov tsis zoo xws li tsis muaj fusion lossis suav nrog hauv cov vuam seam. Kev ntsuam xyuas hluav taws xob siv X-rays lossis gamma rays los tshuaj xyuas qhov kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov vuam.
Rau welded kav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ERW kav, weld seam tshuaj xyuas yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev. Txhua qhov kev tsis sib xws hauv thaj chaw weld tuaj yeem txo qhov kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov qauv.
Sib Nqus Particle thiab Eddy Current Testing
Txoj kev tshawb nrhiav qhov tsis xws ntawm qhov chaw xws li kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom sib nqus yog siv los txheeb xyuas cov kab nrib pleb lossis qhov tsis sib xws. Eddy kev ntsuam xyuas tam sim no feem ntau yog siv rau kev tshuaj xyuas sai ntawm thaj chaw weld hauv qhov chaw tsim khoom.
NDT ua kom cov khoom sib xws thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm - kev pabcuam tsis ua haujlwm los ntawm kev tsim khoom tsis raug.
Integrated Performance Requirements
Cov cuab yeej siv tshuab thiab kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo yog sib cuam tshuam. Yield thiab tensile zog txhais lub peev xwm load. Elongation ua kom ductility thiab tsis kam mus rau tam sim ntawd tawg. Kev ntsuam xyuas hydrostatic paub meej tias muaj peev xwm tuav tau. Nondestructive xeem guarantees weld thiab cov ntaub ntawv ncaj ncees.
Cov qauv kev tsim vaj tsev koom ua ke cov kev txwv no rau hauv cov qauv kev lees paub los xyuas kom muaj kev ntseeg tau raws li kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag. Cov kav dej siv hauv cov kav dej, kev txhawb nqa cov qauv, lossis cov tshuab ua haujlwm siab yuav tsum ua raws li tag nrho cov kev xav tau ntawm kev siv tshuab thiab kev sim ua ntej kev teeb tsa.
Xaus
Cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab cov kev xav tau ua tau zoo tsim cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis rau kev ntsuas cov kav hlau. Lub zog tensile thiab lub zog tawm los txiav txim siab load- bearing thiab siab muaj peev xwm, thaum elongation xyuas kom meej ductility thiab tsis kam mus nkig tsis ua hauj lwm. Hydrostatic testing validates lub siab tswj kev ua tau zoo, thiab kev ntsuam xyuas tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj pom qhov tsis xws luag uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev nyab xeeb. Ua ke, cov ntsuas no tsim kom muaj kev pov thawj zoo uas ua kom muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov qauv, kev ntseeg tau ntawm kev ua haujlwm, thiab ntev -kev nyab xeeb kev pabcuam thoob plaws ntau yam kev siv hauv kev lag luam.
